History of the Continuous Plankton Recorder Database. Proceedings of 'The Colour of Ocean Data' Symposium, Brussels, 25-27 November 2002.

The Continuous Plankton Recorder Survey has operated in the North Atlantic and North Sea since 1931, providing a unitque multi-decadal dataset of plankton abundance. Over the period since 1931 technology has advanced and the system for storing the CPR data has developed considerably. From 1969 an electronic database was developed to store the results of CPR analysis. Since that time the CPR database has undergone a number of changes due to performance related factors such as processor speed and disk capacity as well as economic factors such as the cost of software. These issues have been overcome and the system for storing and retrieving the data has become more user friendly at every development stage

On the formation of string cavitation inside fuel injectors

The formation of vortex or ‘string’ cavitation has been visualised in the flow upstream of the injection hole inlet of an automotive-sized optical diesel fuel injector nozzle operating at pressures up to 2,000 bar. Three different nozzle geometries and three-dimensional flow simulations have been employed to describe how, for two adjacent nozzle holes, their relative positions influenced the formation and hole-to-hole interaction of the observed string cavitation vortices. Each hole was shown to contain two counter-rotating vortices: the first extending upstream on axis with the nozzle hole into the nozzle sac volume and the second forming a single ‘bridging’ string linked to the adjacent hole. Steady-state and transient fuel injection conditions were shown to produce significantly different nozzle-flow characteristics with regard to the formation and interaction of these vortices in the geometries tested, with good agreement between the experimental and simulation results being achieved. The study further confirms that the visualised vortices do not cavitate themselves but act as carriers of gas-phase components within the injector flow

Cavity mode enhancement of terahertz emission from equilateral triangular microstrip antennas of the high-TcT_c superconductor Bi2_2Sr2_2CaCu2_2O8+δ_{8 + δ}

We study the transverse magnetic (TM) electromagnetic cavity mode wave functions for an ideal equilateral triangular microstrip antenna (MSA) exhibiting $C_{3v}$ point group symmetry. When the $C_{3v}$ operations are imposed upon the antenna, the TM($m,n$) modes with wave vectors $\alpha \sqrt[ ]{m^2 + nm + n^2}$ are much less dense than commonly thought. The $R_3$ operations restrict the integral $n$ and $m$ to satisfy $\mid m - n \mid$ = 3$p$, where $p \geq$ 0 and $p \geq$ 1 for the modes even and odd under reflections about the three mirror planes, respectively. We calculate the forms of representative wave functions and the angular dependence of the output power when these modes are excited by the uniform and non-uniform ac Josephson current sources in thin, ideally equilateral triangular MSAs employing the intrinsic Josephson junctions in the high transition temperature $T_c$ superconductor Bi$_2$Sr$_2$CaCu$_2$O$_{8 + \delta}$, and fit the emissions data from an earlier sample for which the $C_{3v}$ symmetry was apparently broken.UCF RAMP program, JSPS Research Fellowship for young scientists, CREST-JST (Japan Science and Technology Agency), WPI (World Premier International Research Center Initiative)- MANA (Materials Nanoarchitectonics) project (NIMS

Cavity mode enhancement of terahertz emission from equilateral triangular microstrip antennas of the high-TcT_c superconductor Bi2_2Sr2_2CaCu2_2O8+δ_{8 + δ}

We study the transverse magnetic (TM) electromagnetic cavity mode wave functions for an ideal equilateral triangular microstrip antenna (MSA) exhibiting $C_{3v}$ point group symmetry. When the $C_{3v}$ operations are imposed upon the antenna, the TM($m,n$) modes with wave vectors $\alpha \sqrt[ ]{m^2 + nm + n^2}$ are much less dense than commonly thought. The $R_3$ operations restrict the integral $n$ and $m$ to satisfy $\mid m - n \mid$ = 3$p$, where $p \geq$ 0 and $p \geq$ 1 for the modes even and odd under reflections about the three mirror planes, respectively. We calculate the forms of representative wave functions and the angular dependence of the output power when these modes are excited by the uniform and non-uniform ac Josephson current sources in thin, ideally equilateral triangular MSAs employing the intrinsic Josephson junctions in the high transition temperature $T_c$ superconductor Bi$_2$Sr$_2$CaCu$_2$O$_{8 + \delta}$, and fit the emissions data from an earlier sample for which the $C_{3v}$ symmetry was apparently broken.UCF RAMP program, JSPS Research Fellowship for young scientists, CREST-JST (Japan Science and Technology Agency), WPI (World Premier International Research Center Initiative)- MANA (Materials Nanoarchitectonics) project (NIMS

Cancer after cholecystectomy: record-linkage cohort study

We investigated whether cholecystectomy is associated with subsequent cancer and, if so, whether the association is likely to be causal, by undertaking a retrospective cohort study using linked medical statistics, comprising a cholecystectomy group (n=39 254) and a reference cohort admitted for a range of other medical and surgical conditions (n=334 813). We found a short-term significant elevation of rates of cancers of the colon, pancreas, liver, and stomach after cholecystectomy, but no long-term elevation. Excluding colon cancers within 2 years of admission to hospital, the rate ratio for colon cancer after cholecystecomy, compared with the reference cohort, was 1.01 (95% confidence interval 0.90–1.12) and after 10 years or more follow-up it was 0.94 (0.79–1.10). It is highly improbable that the short-term associations between cholecystectomy and gastrointestinal cancers are causal, and we conclude that cholecystectomy does not cause cancer

A Simple Iterative Model Accurately Captures Complex Trapline Formation by Bumblebees Across Spatial Scales and Flower Arrangements

PMCID: PMC3591286This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited